Definition of a Savage Essay Example for Free

Definition of a Savage Essay In â€Å"Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America†, Benjamin Franklin opens by saying â€Å"Savages we call them, because their manners differ from ours, which we think the perfection of civility; they think the same of theirs† (Franklin, 2008, p. 226). When Franklin wrote this, he had no idea that our society would continue to complicate the differences between cultures to the extent they exist still today. Many of the colonists attempted to convert Native Americans to Christianity but failed because they could not accept another culture as being equal to their own. They saw the natives as an inferior group of people that must be saved and taught to live the same as the white man. The narrow minded views of these early settlers with all of their so called proper ways and education caused them to be the savages. Our modern day society is driven by wants versus needs. Many people feel a sense of entitlement to things whether they have earned them or not. Franklin describes the Indians as hunters and warriors, living off the land and taking only what they needed. They learned from each other. They listened to each other and gave someone speaking the full attention deserved. â€Å"Having few artificial wants, they have abundance of leisure for improvement by conversation† (Franklin, 2008, p. 226). The Indians did not possess the materialistic nature of the white man. They welcomed a stranger into their community, fed and clothed him, offered him a place to sleep and expected nothing in return but fellowship. The colonists would not have offered the same hospitality to an Indian that appeared as a stranger at their door. In trying to convert the Indians to Christianity, the colonists explained their church services as meeting â€Å"to hear and learn good things† (Franklin, 2008, p. 229) but upon hearing the Indians explain something from their beliefs, the colonists passed it off as â€Å"mere fable, fiction, and falsehood† (Franklin, 2008, p. 228). Franklin (2008) wrote about an event that occurred at the Treaty of Lancast er in 1744. The Indians were offered a chance to send six of their young men to college to receive an education. Their response was they preferred to teach the Indian values and customs because it would ensure their young men would become valuable members of their own culture. The Indians did reciprocate by offering to take twelve young white men, educate them and â€Å"make men of them† (p. 227). The colonists clearly believed their way to be better because they felt their society to be more civilized. In comparison of the British House of Commons and an Indian council, Franklin (2008) discussed how the English have to speak very quickly to get their words out before being interrupted and that often a call to order was issued because of the arguments that frequently occurred. In contrast, the Indian council was held with order and great respect for others when it was their turn to speak (p. 227). The Indian culture was strange to the colonists and they perceived anything contradictory from their way of life to be uncivilized. This close minded view was apparent in how quickly the colonists dismissed the Indians religious beliefs. They felt the white man’s education was superior to those of the Indian ways. By not being accepting, the colonists showed great bias toward the Indians they called savages. This behavior toward the Indians ultimately resulted in destroying much of their culture. Many Indians were attacked and killed and the survivors were forced to leave their lands. The savages were not the Indians but the colonists that came to America and destroyed the Native American culture. Our society still struggles with the point Franklin was trying to convey. A difference in beliefs and cultures does not make any particular group of people superior over another. References Franklin, B. (2008). The general history of virginia, new england, and the summer isles. In N. Baym, W. Franklin, P. Gura, J. Klinkowitz A. Krupat (Eds.), The Norton Anthology Of American Literature (pp. 226-230). New York, NY: W W Norton Co Inc.

Poverty In the Philippines Essay example -- Poverty Essays

Poverty In the Philippines The rich, the middle class, and the poor; are described by the way we live and the amount of money one has. There are many different ways of describing what poverty is, whether it is by how you live or how much money you have. What is poverty and what does it mean to be poor? Not many of us know the true meaning of these terms. Poverty is an issue dealt with throughout the world, but we are not all aware if its conditions. Poverty is a very serious problem around the world. Poverty is defined as the equality to poorness and impoverishment -- (the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions). A question to ask ourselves is: â€Å"Should poverty be defined strictly in terms of monetary income, as opposed to some qualitative formula which takes into consideration styles of life as well as material possessions?† (Sheppard 13) Because there are so many different ways we can express the term poverty, maybe there should be a certain way we ca n determine poverty world wide? A person might look like they are poor or think that they are, but by definition they really are not even close. Every country has poverty levels that decide if they are poor or not. The Philippines is a country that deals with this issue on a daily basis. The Philippine islands are located in Southeastern Asia, between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam. The country is made up of about 7000 islands, only 2000 of those islands are inhabited. The population of the country includes about 84,619,974 people. The people of this country are all very close to their families. They work together to make the income that their family needs to survive. Sometimes th... ... rest of my life. Works Cited American Poverty and Welfare Reform. 2002. Women's Policy Research. . Cruz, Maria C., et al. Population Growth, Poverty, and Environmental Stress: Frontier Migration in the Philippines and Costa Rica. N.p: World Resources Institute, 1992. 1-92. Sheppard, Harold L. Poverty and Wealth in America. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1970. 3-279. Davis, Leonard. The Philippines People, Poverty and Politics. New York: St. Martins's P, 1987. 1-225. Philip M. Finnegan. Philippine Islands 2000. Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12010a.htm The Real World Fact Book.Map. 1 August 2003. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rp.html Poverty In the Philippines Essay example -- Poverty Essays Poverty In the Philippines The rich, the middle class, and the poor; are described by the way we live and the amount of money one has. There are many different ways of describing what poverty is, whether it is by how you live or how much money you have. What is poverty and what does it mean to be poor? Not many of us know the true meaning of these terms. Poverty is an issue dealt with throughout the world, but we are not all aware if its conditions. Poverty is a very serious problem around the world. Poverty is defined as the equality to poorness and impoverishment -- (the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions). A question to ask ourselves is: â€Å"Should poverty be defined strictly in terms of monetary income, as opposed to some qualitative formula which takes into consideration styles of life as well as material possessions?† (Sheppard 13) Because there are so many different ways we can express the term poverty, maybe there should be a certain way we ca n determine poverty world wide? A person might look like they are poor or think that they are, but by definition they really are not even close. Every country has poverty levels that decide if they are poor or not. The Philippines is a country that deals with this issue on a daily basis. The Philippine islands are located in Southeastern Asia, between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam. The country is made up of about 7000 islands, only 2000 of those islands are inhabited. The population of the country includes about 84,619,974 people. The people of this country are all very close to their families. They work together to make the income that their family needs to survive. Sometimes th... ... rest of my life. Works Cited American Poverty and Welfare Reform. 2002. Women's Policy Research. . Cruz, Maria C., et al. Population Growth, Poverty, and Environmental Stress: Frontier Migration in the Philippines and Costa Rica. N.p: World Resources Institute, 1992. 1-92. Sheppard, Harold L. Poverty and Wealth in America. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1970. 3-279. Davis, Leonard. The Philippines People, Poverty and Politics. New York: St. Martins's P, 1987. 1-225. Philip M. Finnegan. Philippine Islands 2000. Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12010a.htm The Real World Fact Book.Map. 1 August 2003. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rp.html

Organizational Culture of Google Essay

Introduction Sergey Brin and Larry Page who were PhD Students at Stanford University met in 1996 and they came up with the idea of starting a search engine that they named BackRub. However on 14th September 1997, the two students renamed this search engine to Google and in the year 1998 this organization was launched officially. The term Google was derived from the word googol which refers to digit one (1) followed by hundredth (100) zeros. Studies show that, Google receives millions of users on daily basis and it is estimated that this organization is worth billions of US dollars. In addition to this, Google has proven to be among the leading organizations with diverse cultures and has been named as the best performing organization that ingrates Culture and Diversity in Decision Making process. Some of the Awards that have been given to Google include: Hispanic Bar Association of Orange County, Organizational Excellence Award, and Diversity in IT Award, UK IT Industry Award, and National Association of the Deaf Accessibility Award among many other Awards. Google’s Culture The bottom line of Google’s success across the globe stems from the culture that has been developed by the key stakeholders in the organization. It is indeed quite evident that, Google has grown considerably since 1998 when the company was officially launched and currently, its employees are more than 200, and come from all parts of the globe. I will examine Google’s culture of ethical standards and behavior as well as observable organizational policies in the Company. Although Googlers share common goals and visions for the company, Google hail from all walks of life and speak dozens of languages, reflecting the global audience that Google serve. And when not at work, Googlers pursue interests ranging from cycling to beekeeping, from frisbee to foxtrot. The culture of ethical standards and behavior in Google Typically, employees of Google Company are smart people and coming from various parts of the globe, they speak different languages and their cultures vary. As a matter of fact, these employees are expected to serve all customers without any favor or discrimination, thus â€Å"Don’t be evil† is key to Google’s stakeholders, members of staff and all employees working for Google Company. This statement is very vital to Google Company and it is expected that, everyone working in the Company as well as other members of staff should respect one another and above all honor those laws and guiding principles that have been established in the organization especially when it comes to the entire process of decision making (Weber, 2008). In addition to that, clients’ information is vital in the Company and the company expects every employee and other members of staff to ensure that customers’ information and data is given adequate protection from unauthorized access. The company expects that, all its employees maintain high levels of integrity at all time and any employee or staff member who is found to have jeopardized his work by exposing clients information and data to unauthorized access is held liable for all the damages caused will be forced to pay for the ultimate price of his negligence of duty (Schermerhorn, 2012). If there was ever a decline in the web searching service, Google will have to adapt to the new demand. This is why it important for them to strive to hire the smartest and the brightest within the field. Google has the employees to adapt to a decline in the web searching service, the employees that they currently have and will be able to hire will be able to adapt to any other business that Google wants to become during this decline.(Bulygo, 2013) Furthermore, protection of Google’s assets is very important to all employees and staff members of this company. It is quite evident that, Google is rich in intellectual data, communication facilities, employee data, clients’ information, and Company equipment among other assets from in all parts of the globe (Flamholtz & Randle, 2011). The company expects all employees, and other people who access these assets to protect them from any  access by other people with ill motives. This goes hand in hand with the working environment of Google Company and studies shows that, Google ensures that all employees work in a violence free environment and this has enabled employees of Google Company to be very productive at all time. This goes hand in hand with the issue of drug and substance abuse and in this respect; the company does not allow her employees, staff members to use or to promote drug and substance abuse. How I determined that Google has shown the culture of ethical standards and behavior Google Company has adopted the culture of ethical standards and behavior. To Frost, this culture is entrepreneurial, dynamic, and innovative and above all it makes employees to be creative in their places of work (Frost, 2009). It is quite evident that, employees and managers of Google Company embrace risk-taking and innovation, thus they work hard in order to ensure that Google Company is on the leading edge as compared to other organizations or companies from all over the world. Indeed, employees and members of staff of Google Company are unified by their commitment towards implementing what they have or what they know. In addition to that, Google Company aims at leading other companies or organizations in the industry, thus to achieve this, it encourages freedom and individual initiative among her employees and staff members. Factors that caused Google to embody the culture of ethical standards and When Google was officially launched in 1998 as a search engine many people took advantage of various types of information that were being sold by the company. As the company grew and spread all over the world cases of misuse of the available data and information were reported from various parts of the globe. This threatened Google’s performance in the industry and the company came up with various codes of ethics and standards that were meant to guide staff members and users of Google’s information. Secondly, Google being the leading and the best performing organization all over the world needed come up with the culture of ethical standards and behavior. The main reason behind this is that for any organization or company to be successful then all its employees and members of staff should be guided by well established ethics (Schein, 2010). Type of leader that suits Google Company In my opinion, I believe that the ideal leader for this company is the one who has the ability to cultivate Google’s presence continuously. In addition to this, the leader should be customized to the type of business in order for him to deliver the impeccable customer service demanded customers and also to ensure that the company produces amazing results. This individual should lead by example and lead all employees towards the attainment of the company`s mission and vision. He should be approachable, open minded and very knowledgeable. Conclusion In an event of a decline in the demand of goods and services of Google Company, it will be a prudent for the company to adjust its culture to match the trend. In my view, I believe Google Company has been adjusting its culture in a number of ways in to make the most of prevailing conditions. It is quite evident that all employees and stakeholders of Google Company are committed to service delivery and one of the adjustments to be made by the Company is to create fun times between employees and clients. This will allow employees of the company to share their amazing experiences and services with their clients and this will increase the demand of goods and services of the company by these clients or customers. References Flamholtz, E., & Randle, Y. (2011). Corporate Culture: The Ultimate Strategic Asset. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. Frost, P. J. (2009). Organizational culture. Beverly Hills u.a: Sage Publ Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Schermerhorn, J. R. (2012). Organizational behavior (12th ed.). Danvers, MA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ` Weber, S. (2008). Organizational behavior – Google corporate culture in perspective. München: GRIN Verlag GmbH. Bulygo, Z(2013, Feb 11) Insidw google’ culture of success and employee happiness.[Web Log Post]. Rettirved from http://blog.kissmetrics. com/google-culture-of-success/

Essay Dissociative Identity Disorder - 4445 Words

Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder, or DID, is defined as: â€Å"The result of a marvelously creative defense mechanism that a young child uses to cope with extremely overwhelming trauma† (Hawkins, 2003, p. 3). Ross describes DID in this way: â€Å"In its childhood onset forms, the disorder is an effective strategy for coping with a traumatic environment: It becomes dysfunctional because environmental circumstances have changed by adulthood† (1997, p, 62). What types of traumatic environments are we talking about here? Often children who form DID are involved in some sort of abuse. These types of abuses can be physical, sexual and even ritual. Such abuses are not meant for children to have to endure, however, the mind†¦show more content†¦The imagining is so intense, subjectively compelling, and adaptive, that the abused child experiences dissociated aspects of herself as other people. (Ross, 1997, p 59) However, DID is not as simple as it seems. There are some who believe that it is created by therapists. Paul R. McHugh writes: MPD like hystero-epilepsy, is created by therapists. This formerly rare and disputed diagnosis became popular after the appearance of several best-selling books and movies. It is often based on the crudest form of suggestion. (http://www.psycom.net/mchugh.html) In fact there are many more certified psychiatrists in America who are in agreement with McHugh. In a survey of 300 psychiatrists in 1999, 2/3 believed that DID should not be included in the DSM-IV (http://www.ycp.edu/besc/Journal2001/Article_2.htm). This is a staggering number, for a truly remarkable psychological condition. In spite of these statistics these same people believed DID should be a proposed diagnosis, because of skepticism. In true cases of DID new identities are formed to enable the child to be sheltered from the reality of abuse. This diagnosis of DID is considered to be the most severe type of DID by Ross. He views DID as a multifaceted psychological condition. Consider the following chart, found on page 98 of his book, Dissociative Identity Disorder. S C I O M M P P L Normal Dissociative Dissociative Partial DIDShow MoreRelatedDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Disorder )1040 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative identity disorder, formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a mental illness that is greatly misunderstood, much like many other mental illnesses. Nicholas Spanos, Professor of Psychology, hypothesized Multiple Personality Disorder as a defense against childhood trauma that creates â€Å"dissociation† or a split mental state. The trauma sustained during childhood is so substantial, that the individual creates different identities to cope with itRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Disorder )1194 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder is a disorder distinguished by the existence of two or more distinct personality states. It is also known as DID or Multiple Personality Disorder. It is very rare, with only 20,000 to 200,000 known US cases per year. Currently, there is no known cure, but treatment can sometimes help. Many believe that DID can be caused by a significant trauma and is used as a coping mechanism to help avoid bad memories. The disorders most often form in kids victim to long-term physicalRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder970 Words   |  4 Pages Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a severe condition in which two or more dissimilar identities, or character states, are present and alternately take control of an individual. The person experiences memory loss that is vaguely extensive to be explained as common forgetfulness. These symptoms are not taken in consideration for by seizures, substance abuse or any other medical conditions. Description of DID: Symptoms: Read MoreDissociative Identity Disorder2780 Words   |  12 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Imagine waking up in a new house, town, city, even state and not knowing how you got there. Now add onto that thought of forgetting almost a year of your life because someone else, or something, has taken over your body. That is just a look into dissociative disorders in general. Dissociative Disorders are ‘extreme distortions in perception and memory† (Terwilliger 2013). Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), or previously known as Multiple Personality Disorder, isRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder2296 Words   |  9 Pagesdefines dissociative identity disorder (DID) as the occurrence of a minimum of two different personalities and maybe more than two. It also clarifies that the switching between the distinct personalities can be observed by the individual who is suffering from dissociative identity disorder or witnessed by others. (Barlow, 2014, P. 1). This disorder used to be known as multiple personality disorder, which is more recognized and understood to peop le without a psychology background. This disorder can beRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1221 Words   |  5 PagesThis research paper is about Dissociative identity disorder (DID) as known as multiple personality disorder. DID in which a person could have many different parts to their personality due to severe stress and an experience of a trauma. A person with DID when the have control over their one identity they cannot remember what they did when their other identities were in control. Most of the time people with DID have two personalities but they could have more than two which is referred as alters. ThenRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder : Dissociative Identification Disorder1485 Words   |  6 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder is a mental disorder where an individual experiences two or more distinct personalities. When an individual is diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder, one personality has dominant control of an individual. This personality controls how a person may act and how they live everyday life. A person diagnosed with this disease may or may not be aware of their alternate personalities. Each personality is contrasting of each other withRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder2158 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Dissociative Identity Disorder† Through out the years there has been many disorders that continue to be diagnosed on people, many can be difficult to deal with. Some of these disorders can be uncontrollable and can make it harder on the patients who are trying to get better. Disorders are not sicknesses that can be cured and gone with a couple of doses of medicine, disorders are serious problems a person has to deal with usually if not for a large amount of time, it can be every day for the restRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1030 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Defining what is abnormal is not necessarily easy. There are many different criteria to determine what exactly is normal and what is abnormal. According to Ciccarelli and White (2012) as early as 3000 B.C.E. there have been human skulls found with holes in them. Archaeologists suspect this was caused because of the treatments they had years ago such as â€Å"trepanning†. Trepanning is done nowadays as well to remove extra fluids from the brain, as for years ago doctors didRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Personality )1254 Words   |  6 PagesDissociative identity disorder (previously known as multiple personality disorder) is thought to be a complex mental condition that is likely brought on by numerous variables, including serious injury amid early adolescence generally compelling, repetitive physical, sexual, or psychological mistreatment. The greater part of us have encountered mild dissociation, which resemble wandering off in fantasy land or losing all sense of direction at the time while taking a shot at an undertaking. In any

Why Is Economics Called the Dismal Science

If youve ever studied economics, youve probably heard at some point that economics is referred to as the dismal science. Granted, economists arent always the most upbeat bunch of people, but is that really why the phrase came about? Origin of the Phrase Dismal Science to Describe Economics As it turns out, the phrase has been around since the mid-19th century, and it was coined by historian Thomas Carlyle. At the time, the skills required for writing poetry were referred to as the gay science, so Carlyle decided to call economics the dismal science as a clever turn of phrase. The popular belief is that Carlyle started using the phrase in response to the dismal prediction of 19th-century reverend and scholar Thomas Malthus, who forecasted that the rate of growth in the food supply as compared to the rate of the growth in population would result in mass starvation. (Luckily for us, Malthus assumptions regarding technological progress were overly, well, dismal, and such mass starvation never transpired.) While Carlyle did use the word dismal in reference to Malthus findings, he didnt use the phrase dismal science until his 1849 work Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question. In this piece, Carlyle argued that reintroducing (or continuing) slavery would be morally superior to relying on the market forces of supply and demand, and he labeled the profession of economists who disagreed with him, most notably John Stuart Mill, as the dismal science, since Carlyle believed that the emancipation of slaves would leave them worse off. (This prediction has also turned out to be incorrect, of course.)

Essay on Mexicans in America During the Great Depression

While many remember the Great Depression as a time of terrible trials for Americans, few understand the hardships faced by Mexicans and Mexican Americans in the U.S. This paper examines the experiences of Mexicans in America during the Great Depression and explores the devastating impact of repatriation efforts. America has an extensive history of accepting Mexican workers when they are needed for cheap labor, and demanding that they be deported when the economic situation is more precarious in an attempt to open jobs for Americans. In the 1930s, â€Å"Americans, reeling from the economic disorientation of the depression, sought a convenient scapegoat. They found it in the Mexican community.† Mexicans were blamed for economic hardships†¦show more content†¦However, it failed to take into account what would become of the Mexican workers who were removed from their jobs. Mr. Doak, the Secretary of Labor, confirmed the necessity of this method of job creation as he claimed â€Å"more than 1100 aliens have been deported from New York City alone since the middle of January. More than half of these deportations created jobs for unemployed Americans.† While sending Mexicans back to their country opened up jobs for Americans, it also meant that Mexicans could no longer support themselves and their families. In 1933 in Los Angeles County, 12,600 Mexican families were on welfare. Often heads of households were deported leaving family members behind. Some Americans questioned the true cost savings of deporting Mexicans, and â€Å"One study indicated that if 1,200 aliens were deported, they would leave behind 1,418 dependents who would be eligible for public welfare.† In some cases, parents were not U.S. citizens but there children were, and consequently the parents were deported while the children were allowed to stay. These children became entirely dependent on the government which added toShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Effects from the 1930s1530 Words   |  7 Pages especially to some violent extremes. Between racism, sexism, and social prejudice, discrimination levels were about the highest America has ever seen. This was a difficult time for African Americans in the U.S, and despite the decline of organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan, racism was as strong as ever, especially in the southern states. During the Great Depression, colossal unemployment and relocation forced a re-evaluation of sexism in employment. With millions of people in unemployment, theRead MoreBecoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, And Identity1553 Words   |  7 PagesBecoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945 The immigration story of the United States includes groups of individuals from many different countries, one such group was that of the U.S.’s southern neighbor Mexico. In the book, Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945, George J. Sà ¡nchez writes about the Mexican immigrants’ experience migrating to California and settling there, particularly in theRead MoreThe Mexican American By Leslie Rios Medina1701 Words   |  7 Pages The Mexican American of the 1930s Presented to Mr.Hyatt Presented by Leslie Rios-Medina During the 1930s, the Mexican Americans had a tragic on The Great Depression. Back then the Hispanics were also called Chicano because that name is another short version of saying Mexicano. Thousands of people had ran away from Mexico and if they go to the United States, they are considered as a United States citizens so they are marked as white on the United StatesRead MoreThe Great Depression and President Herbert Hoover783 Words   |  4 PagesTaking office the same year as the Great Depression, Americas thirty first president, Herbert Hoover greatly impacted the lives of many Americans. It has been stated that the stalk market crash was to blame for the greatest economic downturn in American; however, Ex-President Hoover made critical mistakes during the depression that he would be blamed for the rest of his life. The Great Depression began in 1929, 7 months after the Ex-President’s election. ( Insert cite) Instead of â€Å"using the powerRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930s925 Words   |  4 Pagesview of some of the diverse groups of people who were marginalized in California during the Great Depression of the 1930s. The primary sources shared detailed information on how Mexicans, Filipinos, and White Americas experienced hostility and inequality in California. In Resistance, Radicalism, and Repression on the Oxnard Plain, Frank Barajas discusses how beet sugar growers on the Oxnard Plain cut the wages of Mexican laborers working in their fields. This ignited an uproar and began a strike movementRead MoreThe Mexican American War : A War Between Mexico And The United States1229 Words   |  5 PagesMonica Vela Kerry Jones Composition II November 24, 2014 The Mexican-American War was a war between Mexico and the United States that initiated in 1846 and finished in 1848 in the wake of the U.S capture of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its land. After independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico inherited the provinces of California, New Mexico and Texas. Enervated and virtually bankrupt after the war, the new Mexican government could not control its northern territories that were thousandsRead MoreMexacan Immigration before the 1960s1675 Words   |  7 Pages Mexican Immigration before the 1960s Introduction Mexican immigration has impacted many important components here in the United States of America (U.S.) and in its major institutions of society. In the following paper I will be focusing on the nature of social policies (or the lack thereof) that Americans had developed with respect to Mexican immigration by 1960. Specifically this paper will be detailing six different areas: the Mexican American War, Anti-MexicanRead MoreSocial, Political, And Economical Cause Of The Mexican Revolution1695 Words   |  7 PagesSocial, Political, and Economical Causes of the Mexican Revolution There were an abundance of social, political, and economical factors that led to the Mexican Revolution. Socially, there was a great displacement in the treatment between the elite and rich classes and the poor classes. Politically, what once started out as a Republic, after they had won their independence, had transitioned into a tyrannical dictatorship. Economically, Mexico was over dependent on loans from foreign nationsRead MoreThe Impact Of World War II On The United States1633 Words   |  7 Pageschanges, the United States has suffered many hardships, but they have also experienced great opportunities of wealth and great success. Some of the hardships and successes include: war bonds, the manufacturing of wartime and military weaponry and it boosting the economy, the need of oil to produce products to aid in the war effort, the state moving towards an industrial economy, the rise of n women’s work during World War II, and the influx of new jobs which encourage d immigration from Mexico. WhenRead MoreImmigration Into The United States Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen an issue of concerned. This is because the immigration in the United States has always been a major factor in the influence of the country’s population growth. The United States experienced major immigration during the 19th century. Many people came from major parts of the world to America in search of the better economic opportunities while others came in search for better religious purposes and practices, for example, the pilgrims. Before the 19th century, the Americans of European descent decided

Infection Control And Prevention Practices †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Infection Control And Prevention Practices. Answer: Introduction Infection control and prevention practices are essential for maintaining safe environment for all patients. The procedure helps in reducing risks of potential disease spread from an infected person to a healthy person (Tacconelli et al. 2014). Infection control practices are primarily designed with the aim of reducing risks of hospital acquired or nosocomial infections, and for ensuring a healthy and safe hospital environment for the health care providers patients and visitors. This infection control practices help in preventing spread of microorganism from patient to staff members or other patients (Rosenthal et al. 2013). It is selected as the research topic as it is imperative to health practices and forms the primary component of different invasive procedures, which are administered upon patients in hospital settings. Reason for undertaking research The research activity on infection control practices has been undertaken to improve existing knowledge and awareness. Hospital hygiene has gained much publicity, including concerns of the patients about their safety while being admitted in hospital. This has contributed to making infection control a topic of major research interest in clinical practice, as well as in the community and media. Nursing and health-science students are the frontlines of clinical practice, which in turn increases the risks of acquiring infections (Stone et al. 2012). This exposure to infectious disease is therefore regarded as a major occupational hazard. Therefore, there is a need to create provisions for training programs and knowledge based activities that will provide nurses and other healthcare professionals with relevant information on protecting themselves as well as the patients from different pathogens. Hence, improvement of knowledge on preventing spread of infectious disease is of paramount impo rtance in nursing practice. The research activity will help me in increasing and strengthening my awareness on the appropriate nursing standards needed for infection control, thereby facilitating enhancement of my professional development and clinical practice. Research question The research question is given below- Is hand hygiene practice beneficial in preventing hospital acquired infection? Research objective To establish effectiveness of hand washing practices, in infection control, across healthcare settings. Another discipline that can be associated to this research activity includes medical staff that is exposed to all kinds of body fluids. Several physicians staff and medical residents are subjected to occupational exposure when there occurs a laceration, scratch, splash, or prolonged contact, with broken skin that involve body fluids and blood, containing potentially infectious material (Butsashvili et al. 2012). Such fluids mainly include peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva, synovial fluid, semen, and vaginal secretions, and may contain harmful pathogens for Hepatitis and HIV (Mashoto et al. 2013). Sources Two sources that will be utilized to gather information on relevant articles related to infection control are as follows: Cochrane Library- https://www.cochranelibrary.com/ PubMed- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Methodology Relevant information will be collected by searching articles from the above mentioned to sources. Information will also be collected from infection control and hand hygiene guidelines proposed by the World Health Organisation. These guidelines will help in acquiring and accurate description of the procedures that should be followed while performing hand washing. Furthermore, the infection control guidelines will also provide a better understanding on the rates of surgical site or healthcare associated infections in hospital settings, and strategies that should be adopted for strengthening infection prevention and outbreak. The research question is specific and comprehensive. Searching relevant literature will involve use of specific key words that will assist in retrieving articles that are valid, and relevant to the question. Keywords such as infection control, infection prevention, hygiene, hospital infection, nosocomial, hand wash, hand hygiene will be used, in addition to boolean operators OR, AND, and NOT. These boolean operators will exclude a relevant or and publish articles. Systematic review will be considered relevant for the research activity due to the fact that these reviews contain critically relevant information from multiple research articles, and will facilitate a better understanding of appropriate and effective hand hygiene techniques. The review will also help in general icing the findings and can be implemented in actual nursing practice. Systematic approach A systematic review was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of hand hygiene techniques in reducing community transmission of acute respiratory tract infection and influenza. The research focused on identifying community studies that examines effects of hand hygiene exposure, on risks of developing these infections. It carried out an exhaustive research of relevant articles from several databases such as Medline, Embase, Global Health, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Two authors were involved on retrieving relevant articles after determining their eligibility, related to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 16 articles were included for the final review. Results from the review established the fact that laboratory confirmed influenza rate was lower among people, who received hand hygiene intervention, upon comparison with control. Another study reported similar findings that there was a significant reduction in rates of influenza A, in the intervention group. Another clustered randomised trial included in the review suggested significant reduction in rates of breathing difficulty and cough among children, subjected to the intervention technique. Although some articles did not show significant effects of hand hygiene procedures in rates of influenza and respiratory infection, the entire systematic review was able to provide moderate to high quality evidence that hand hygiene is positively correlated with a large reduction in infection rate in domestic and institutional settings (Warren?Gash, Fragaszy and Hayward 2013). A randomised trial determined the impacts of five moments for hand hygiene educational intervention on patients. The trial was based on previous studies that showed improve access to hand hygiene products were effective in increasing the practice among patients, and health care personal. The researchers hypothesized the fact that patients are willing to perform hand hygiene practices when their healthcare personnel provided nonverbal reminders on its importance. The research was conducted on four medical surgical wards, by randomising patients to the intervention and control group. The researchers focused on five moments for the hand hygiene model, which were, before and after touching the devices or wounds, before eating, after using rest room, while entering and leaving the room, and when a healthcare personal entered the room. All participants were provided with bottles of hand sanitizer that contained a push stop dispensing device, placed on bedside table. Moreover, the intervent ion group was also given education by members of the study team, unlike the control group, and was questioned on their willingness to perform hand hygiene practices. Use of hand sanitizer by the patients were also measured by weighing them its afternoon for consecutive three days, or until it was discharged. Frequency of hand hygiene practices was also measured, followed by conduction of a student t-test and fisher test to compare weight of sanitizer, and frequency of the practice for each group. Result findings suggested no difference in baseline characteristics of the two groups. However, the intervention group was found to use hand sanitizer more than the control group. Upon entry of the personnel, the intervention group displayed better hand hygiene practices on day 1. Therefore, the study demonstrated and effectiveness of the five moments and hygiene model in improving hand hygiene practices performance among patients in a hospital setting (Rai et al. 2017). Another report focused on providing a details description of the planning and implementation procedures related to use of hand hygiene dispensing system in healthcare facilities in Canada. The report focused on the fact that hand hygiene products that include hand lotion, soap, and alcohol-based hand rub, are ubiquitous across all Healthcare facilities in Canada and the United States. It recognised the need of transition due to potential cost savings, superior quality of product, dispenser compatibility, electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems, and advanced dispensing systems. The planning strategies included evaluation of the options that were available for hand hygiene practices. The researchers identified five criteria that were imperative to its evaluation, such as, cost, standardization, serviceability, quality and safety. They also focused on the importance of skin tolerability, efficacy and experience of the users. Moreover, the planning strategies illustrated important sta ff this practices in mental health settings. Free dispenser availability and their compatibility with electronic systems were also considered essential for improving compliance to these practices. Linking groups with the purchasing organisation and engaging essentials stakeholders in the practice were also recognised as important steps. The group purchasing organisations were considered because they conduct exhaustive clinical reviews on deciding products and technologies that will be made available. Implementation strategies focused on appropriate storage and staging areas where the bulk of the sanitisers and dispensers would be kept, followed by their proper installation, disposal and an effective education program to help the users understand their use. The report suggested that the aforementioned procedures would be successful in generating leftovers talk of old HHPs (Amirov, Candon and Jacob 2017). A three-year interrupted time series study that focused on sequential interventions and a post intervention follow-up period for one year assessed impact of hospital right hand hygiene initiatives on nosocomial infections. The study focused on the fact that healthcare professionals often demonstrated a failure to clean and wash their hands on a regular basis, which contributed to increase rates of hospital-acquired infections. It conducted multifaceted improvement initiatives in a 383-bed teaching hospital, in New Hampshire. The initiative was formed as a part of the hospital infection prevention program, following an approval from the Institution Review Board. Five overarching areas were identified for hand hygiene practices. The researchers emphasize on importance of hand hygiene with the help of leaders at all organisation levels for preventing patient and healthcare professional heart. Hand hygiene audits were initiated at all units and surveillance was conducted on a monthly bas is. The study also emphasised on availability of hand sanitizer across all units, and developed an electronic learning video and training module for educating the dancing stuff on hand hygiene. It also focused on marketing strategies for increasing awareness on infection prevention. The monthly changes were observed in rates of infection and hand hygiene compliance among the healthcare workers. Significant improvements were observed in hand hygiene compliance during the initiative, which further increased, during the follow up period. Nurses were found to demonstrate more compliance when compared to physicians. Thus, the initiative was able to create significant reduction in infection rates (Kirkland et al. 2012). Comparison A comparison of the aforementioned randomised controlled trial and the report are given in the appendix. Conclusion- To conclude, it can be stated that nosocomial infections occur due to spread of viral bacterial and fungal pathogens that are commonly found among patients, who receive treatment in intensive care units. An analysis of the findings helped in drawing the conclusion that following appropriate hand washing technique and guidelines, and providing appropriate training on their uses, will significantly help in controlling rates of infection. It will prevent bacterial colonization, thereby reducing infection. Impact Nurses should be well placed for promoting appropriate and hashing techniques and practice, and should follow the guidelines, for influencing cultural changes and their organisation. They should take precautionary steps while washing their skin before and after handling all sorts of blood, body fluids or surgical instruments (Huis et al. 2013). Failure to attend proper hand hygiene, may lead to adverse consequences on the quality of life, of the patients, as well as the Healthcare professionals (Loveday et al. 2014). Use The information collected will be used in workplace for making nursing staff and other healthcare professional show compliance to the recommended guidelines. Hand washing products and dispensers will be made easily available for the patients and the staff, to reduce hospital acquired infections (Simmons et al. 2013). Reflection The research activity help me understand that infection control should be considered as the utmost priority in healthcare settings. I understood that the nursing staff are expected to ensure adherence to good infection control practices, for reducing or eliminating all kinds of risk factors that can be detrimental to the health of their clients of themselves. Issues There is a need to conduct extensive research on impacts of education and training program in improving awareness of nursing staff and patients, for infection control (Kelckova, Skodova and Straka 2012). References Amirov, C.M., Candon, H.L. and Jacob, L., 2017. Making change easy: A peer-to-peer guide on transitioning to new hand hygiene products.American journal of infection control,45(1), pp.46-50. Butsashvili, M., Kamkamidze, G., Kajaia, M., Morse, D.L., Triner, W., Dehovitz, J. and McNutt, L.A., 2012. Occupational exposure to body fluids among health care workers in Georgia.Occupational medicine,62(8), pp.620-626. Huis, A., Schoonhoven, L., Grol, R., Donders, R., Hulscher, M. and van Achterberg, T., 2013. Impact of a team and leaders-directed strategy to improve nurses adherence to hand hygiene guidelines: a cluster randomised trial.International journal of nursing studies,50(4), pp.464-474. Kelckova, S., Skodova, Z. and Straka, S., 2012. Effectiveness of hand hygiene education in a basic nursing school curricula.Public Health Nursing,29(2), pp.152-159. Kirkland, K.B., Homa, K.A., Lasky, R.A., Ptak, J.A., Taylor, E.A. and Splaine, M.E., 2012. Impact of a hospital-wide hand hygiene initiative on healthcare-associated infections: results of an interrupted time series.BMJ Qual Saf, pp.qhc-2012. Loveday, H.P., Wilson, J., Pratt, R.J., Golsorkhi, M., Tingle, A., Bak, A., Browne, J., Prieto, J. and Wilcox, M., 2014. epic3: national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England.Journal of Hospital Infection,86, pp.S1-S70. Mashoto, K.O., Mubyazi, G.M., Mohamed, H. and Malebo, H.M., 2013. Self-reported occupational exposure to HIV and factors influencing its management practice: a study of healthcare workers in Tumbi and Dodoma Hospitals, Tanzania.BMC health services research,13(1), p.276. Rai, H., Knighton, S., Zabarsky, T.F. and Donskey, C.J., 2017. A randomized trial to determine the impact of a 5 moments for patient hand hygiene educational intervention on patient hand hygiene.American journal of infection control,45(5), pp.551-553. Rosenthal, V.D., Richtmann, R., Singh, S., Apisarnthanarak, A., Kbler, A., Viet-Hung, N., Ramrez-Wong, F.M., Portillo-Gallo, J.H., Toscani, J., Gikas, A. and Dueas, L., 2013. Surgical site infections, International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 30 countries, 20052010.Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology,34(6), pp.597-604. Simmons, S., Morgan, M., Hopkins, T., Helsabeck, K., Stachowiak, J. and Stibich, M., 2013. Impact of a multi-hospital intervention utilising screening, hand hygiene education and pulsed xenon ultraviolet (PX-UV) on the rate of hospital associated meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.Journal of Infection Prevention,14(5), pp.172-174. Stone, S.P., Fuller, C., Savage, J., Cookson, B., Hayward, A., Cooper, B., Duckworth, G., Michie, S., Murray, M., Jeanes, A. and Roberts, J., 2012. Evaluation of the national Cleanyourhands campaign to reduce Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and Clostridium difficile infection in hospitals in England and Wales by improved hand hygiene: four year, prospective, ecological, interrupted time series study.Bmj,344, p.e3005. Tacconelli, E., Cataldo, M.A., Dancer, S.J., Angelis, G., Falcone, M., Frank, U., Kahlmeter, G., Pan, A., Petrosillo, N., Rodrguez?Bao, J. and Singh, N., 2014. ESCMID guidelines for the management of the infection control measures to reduce transmission of multidrug?resistant Gram?negative bacteria in hospitalized patients.Clinical Microbiology and Infection,20(s1), pp.1-55. Warren?Gash, C., Fragaszy, E. and Hayward, A.C., 2013. Hand hygiene to reduce community transmission of influenza and acute respiratory tract infection: a systematic review.Influenza and other respiratory viruses,7(5), pp.738-749.